Ecological systems refer to the complex interactions between living organisms and their environment, including other organisms, physical elements such as soil and water, and climatic factors. This field of research focuses on understanding the relationships and dynamics within ecosystems, as well as the impacts of human activities on the environment. Ecological systems research often involves studying biodiversity, energy flow, nutrient cycling, and the resilience of ecosystems to disturbances such as climate change or habitat destruction. By studying ecological systems, scientists can gain insights into how to better conserve and manage our natural resources for future generations.